激光粒度仪测量及工作原理
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">在众多测试方法中,<span style="color: #236fa1;"><a style="color: #236fa1;" title="激光粒度仪" href="https://www.kexingtest.com/instrument/detail?id=129" target="_blank" rel="noopener">激光粒度仪</a></span>以激光为探测光源,利用光源散射原理进行粉体测量,具有测量范围宽、结果分析快、重复性好等优势,是一种应用广泛而比较有发展前途的粒度测量设备。</span></p>
<h1 style="font-size: 1.25em; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; border: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #191919; line-height: 38px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">一、激光粒度仪工作原理:</span></h1>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">激光粒度仪工作原理:</span></p>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">激光粒度仪的测量原理是光散射原理,即光线通过不均匀介质时与颗粒产生相互作用,发生吸收、反射、折射、透射和衍射等现象而使光线偏离原先的光路。</span></p>
<h1 style="font-size: 1.25em; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; border: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #191919; line-height: 38px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">二、测量方法</span></h1>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">1.静态光散射法</span></p>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">静态光散射法(Static light scattering,SLS)是采用光电探测器收集散射光的光强、能量等信号后,依据散射原理对信息进行计算解读从而获取颗粒尺寸信息的测量方法。这种方法获取的是一次得到的瞬时信息,因此称为静态法。静态光散射法分为:小角向前散射法、全角度散射法、角散射法等。</span></p>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">激光器发出的激光经过扩束、准直后成为平行光,颗粒在平行光照射下产生散射,在焦平面上形成Airy斑。对同一种激光源而言,大颗粒对应的光环半径小,小颗粒对应的光环半径大。依据这种原理推导出粒子的粒度及其分布信息的方法称为小角向前法。</span></p>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">入射光被粒子散射后强度减小,光强衰减比例由粒子粒径大小决定,利用这种方法进行的粉体粒径测量称为全角度法。在某一方向下,粒子的散射光能量的大小取决于颗粒尺寸和形貌,采用这种方法测量散射光中包含粒子尺寸信息的方法称为角散射法。</span></p>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">2.动态光散射法</span></p>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">动态光散射法(Dynamic light scattering,DLS)是通过测量光强随时间的变化来实现粒度测量的,在更早的文献中也称作光子相关光谱(PCS)和准弹性光散射(QELS)。根据Rayleigh散射原理,在粒子尺寸远小于光波波长时,粒子的大小不再影响散射光相对强度的角分布,在这种情况下无法再使用静态光散射法进行测量。</span></p>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">3.静态光散射与动态光散射法的比较</span></p>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">静态光散射法:</span></p>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">优点</span>:范围广,速度快,重复性高,可在线测量;</span></p>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">缺点</span>:仅限于稀释液体中的颗粒测定,在高密度介质中的多次散射会导致误差;</span></p>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">仪器体积大,价格高,操作复杂,维护频繁。</span></p>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">动态光散射法:</span></p>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">优点</span>:精准、稳定,对尺寸分布范围窄的颗粒测量分辨率达到较高精度;缺点:大颗粒的存在会严重影响尺寸精度,不适用于测量多分散样品。</span></p>
<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">依据样品性质可选用不同的测试技术。二者相比,静态光散射的粒度分析仪是测量数百纳米到几毫米颗粒的广泛使用仪器,而动态光散射法已经成为测量亚微米颗粒的行业标准技术。</span></p>