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EDS能谱仪的测试原理及分析方法

<p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-weight: bold; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">EDS能谱仪概述:</span></p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">能谱仪可用来对材料微区成分元素种类与含量分析,通常配合<span style="color: #236fa1;"><a style="color: #236fa1;" title="扫描电子显微镜(SEM)" href="https://www.kexingtest.com/instrument/detail?id=96" target="_blank" rel="noopener">扫描电子显微镜</a></span>与透射电子显微镜的使用。</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-weight: bold; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">EDS能谱仪原理:</span></p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">EDS能谱仪,是一种分析物质元素的仪器,常与扫描电镜或者透射电镜联用,在真空室下用电子束轰击样品表面,激发物质发射出特征x射线,根据特征x射线的波长,定性与半定量分析元素周期表中B-U的元素,EDS可提供样品表面之微区定性或半定量之成份元素分析,以及特定区域之point、line scan、mapping分析。</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">其测试原理是:当X射线光子进入检测器后,在Si(Li)晶体内激发出一定数目的电子空穴对。产生一个空穴对的最低平均能量ε是一定的(在低温下平均为3.8ev),而由一个X射线光子造成的空穴对的数目为N=△E/ε,因此,入射X射线光子的能量越高,N就越大。利用加在晶体两端的偏压收集电子空穴对,经过前置放大器转换成电流脉冲,电流脉冲的高度取决于N的大小。电流脉冲经过主放大器转换成电压脉冲进入多道脉冲高度分析器,脉冲高度分析器按高度把脉冲分类进行计数,这样就可以描出一张X射线按能量大小分布的图谱。</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-weight: bold; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">EDS能谱仪的特点:</span></p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">1.能快速、同时对各种试样的微区内Be-U的所有元素,元素定性、定量分析,几分钟即可完成。</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">2.对试样与探测器的几何位置要求低:对W.D的要求不是很严格;可以在低倍率下获得X射线扫描、面分布结果。</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">3.能谱所需探针电流小:对电子束照射后易损伤的试样,例如生物试样、快离子导体试样、玻璃等损伤小。</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">4.检测限一般为0.1%-0.5%,中等原子序数的无重叠峰主元素的定量相误差约为2%。</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-weight: bold; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">EDS能谱仪的分析方法:</span></p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">1.点析法</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">电子束(探针)固定在试样感兴趣的点上,进行定性或定量分析。该方法准确度高,用于显微结构的成份分析,对低含量元素定量的试样,只能用点分析。</p> <p class="ql-align-center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; text-align: center; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="border: 0px; margin: 10px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" src="https://p7.itc.cn/images01/20220806/899d012e361748fe9c3dffdd4e3143c8.png" alt="EDS能谱仪的分析方法-点析法" /></p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">2.线扫描分析</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">电子束沿一条分析线进行扫描时,能获得元素含量变化的线分布曲线。结果和试样形貌对照分析,能直观地获得元素再不同相或区域内的分布。</p> <p class="ql-align-center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; text-align: center; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="border: 0px; margin: 10px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" src="https://p5.itc.cn/images01/20220806/cfe23b3a505e45aa9dfc77b923111e99.png" alt="EDS能谱仪的分析方法-线扫描分析" /></p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">3.面分布</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">电子束在试样表面扫描时,元素在试样表面的分布能在屏幕上以亮度(或彩色)分布显示出来(定性分析),亮度越亮,说明元素含量越高。研究材料中杂质、相的分布和元素偏析常用此方法。面分布常常与形貌对照分析。</p> <p class="ql-align-center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; text-align: center; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="border: 0px; margin: 10px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" src="https://p0.itc.cn/images01/20220806/403dfd3c393c4f258bc618da41f65825.png" alt="EDS能谱仪的分析方法-面分布" /></p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">小结:1.点、线、面分析方法用途不同,检测灵敏度也不同;</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">2.定点分析灵敏度最高,面扫描分析灵敏度最低,但观察元素分布最直观。</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">3.实际操作中要根据试样特点及分析目的合理选择分析方法。</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-weight: bold; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">定量分析对试样的要求:</span></p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">1.样品在真空和电子束轰击下要稳定;</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">2.高准确度的分析时,要求试样分析面平、垂直于入射电子束;</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">3.试样尺寸大于X射线扩展范围;</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">4.有良好的导电和导热性能;</p> <p style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.63em 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; color: #191919; font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">5.均质、无污染。</p>